Jackson Hole: Can Bernanke Restore Confidence Despite Debt Crisis? Forex News Now
NEW YORK (ForexNewsNow) – As the debt crisis looms ever larger on the political front of the Western world, the Jackson Hole Economic Policy Symposium to be held on Friday, August 26 in Wyoming is the one meeting that people hope will help shed some light on the possible solutions to the current economic impasse.
But just weeks after Standard & Poor’s announced it would downgrade the US Debt Rating, Moody’s decision to drop Japan’s Debt rating should be taken as a clear signal that the Debt Crisis is far from over. Neither the end of the Debt Ceiling debate in the US Congress, nor the numerous multinational EU meetings in recent have successfully reassured the markets sufficiently. The forex markets expecially have been the subjected to increasing volatility as forex traders move their assets into “safe haven” currencies such as the Yen and the Swiss Franc amid speculation that other markets will continue to plunge. For option traders, gold is now being viewed as one of the safest investments on the market and has continued to climb steadily over the past 12 months and is now breaking previously unheard of price barriers.
How does Third World debt affect the West?
Does Third World debt affect the global north? Susan George says the global debt crisis does affect creditor nations. Structural adjustment and ...
what is the conventional wisdom with regard to the Third World debt crisis?
what is the conventional wisdom with regard to the Third World debt crisis?
Get rich quick schemes in the capitalist business world, (buyouts, IPOs, conglomerates, acquisitions, mergers, and the stock market), do not actually work. Remaining solvent does not actually exist within false economics capitalism.
Profit existing in the capitalist business world, or millionaires existing within capitalism, is pathological deception committed by the 21 organizations spying on the population with plain clothes agents, (with covert fake names and fake backgrounds).
Actual economics is the persons paying the monthly business loan payments of companies voting at work in order to control the property they are paying for.
Capitalism is the psychology of imaginary parents, false economics, and the criminal deception of employees that are paying the bills (including the stocks and bonds, or shares) of companies.
Anti-democracy republicanism is the psychology of imaginary parents, and false government.
OMG help in history?
1.What was the Chinese Cultural Revolution?
2.What was the T'ien-an-Men Square Massacre?
3. What is the Third World Debt Crisis?
4.What was the goal of the first Five-Year Plan in China?
short answers please im in a hurry
You’re in a hurry to get someone to do your homework?
Following the violence, the government conducted widespread arrests to suppress protesters and their supporters, cracked down on other protests around China, banned the foreign press from the country and strictly controlled coverage of the events in the PRC press. Members of the Party who had publicly sympathized with the protesters were purged, with several high-ranking members placed under house arrest, such as General Secretary Zhao Ziyang. The violent suppression of the Tienanmen Square protest caused widespread international condemnation of the PRC government.
I don't know what the others are, but just go to wikipedia.org and find out.
Chinese Cultural Revolution has to do with the time period when Mao Zedong (Communist party leader in China) instituted all kinds of policies to make China communist.
Tianenman Square began as a student protest for more rights and ended as a massacre by the government.
The "Third World" debt crisis began as imperialism ended and many formerly imperialized countries needed to borrow money from developed countries (like Great Britain and the U.S.) in order to develop themselves. However, due to a number of factors, it becomes a vicious cycle and the countries can not pay back their debts, leading them to need to borrow even more money.
There were actually several goals to China's Five-Year Plan. So I'm not sure of the one that you are looking for. Gogals usually included expanding industry, modernizing agriculture, reducing foreign influence, etc.
What events would it take to qualify the USA as a third world nation?
Worthless currency, tremendous foreign debt, rising cost of goods, stagnant wages, housing crisis, skyrocketing inflation or all of the above....
Because all those things are already happening.
Another Republican in the White House is all it would take.
But they still need its MIC to carry out the destruction of the countries of the middle east.
Ghana debt crisis for ks3?
please tell me what were the reasons that the third world could not pay back the money they borrowed (ks3 ghana case study)
As the world kept putting intrest on, so all the 3rd world where paying was intrest. therefore never actully paying back the money they borrewed
So We The People are not responsible for the governments ODIOUS debt. right?
PT-2: THIS INVOLVES EVERYONE.. SO YOU MIGHT AS WELL FAMILIARIZE YOURSELVES WITH WHAT HAS BEEN GOING ON
Posted By: watcher51445 <Send E-Mail>
Date: Tuesday, 13 January 2009, 10:31 a.m.
Ultimately; The Federal Government will require We the People to be responsible for the payment of US DEBT brought about by CRIMINAL ACTIVITY involving FINANCIAL TERRORISM and "Overthrow of the Republics"..
We the People had nothing to do with this CRIMINAL ACTIVITY involving FINANCIAL TERRORISM designed to overthrow the Sovereign Civil Governments of the States of the Union of the Republics. This is an "ODIOUS DEBT".. Don't know what an "Odious Debt" is.. read:
The Doctrine of Odious Debts (Chapter 17)
From Odious Debts: Loose Lending, Corruption And The Third World's
Environmental Legacy
by Patricia Adams (1991, 256 pages, Earthscan)
snip:
Some debts, he said, were "dettes odieuses."
If a despotic power incurs a debt not for the needs or in the interest of the State, but to strengthen its despotic regime, to repress the population that fights against it, etc., this debt is odious for the population of all the State.
This debt is not an obligation for the nation; it is a regime's debt, personal debt of the power that has incurred it, consequently it falls with the fall of this power.
The reason these "odious" debts cannot be considered to encumber the territory of the State, is that such debts do not fulfill one of the conditions that determine the legality of the debts of the State, that is: the debts of the State must be incurred and the funds from it employed for the needs and in the interests of the State.
"Odious" debts, incurred and used for ends which, to the knowledge of the creditors, are contrary to the interests of the nation, do not compromise the latter - in the case that the nation succeeds in getting rid of the government which incurs them - except to the extent that real advantages were obtained from these debts. The creditors have committed a hostile act with regard to the people; they can't therefore expect that a nation freed from a despotic power assume the "odious" debts, which are personal debts of that power.
Even when a despotic power is replaced by another, no less despotic or any more responsive to the will of the people, the "odious" debts of the eliminated power are not any less their personal debts and are not obligations for the new power...
One could also include in this category of debts the loans incurred by members of the government or by persons or groups associated with the government to serve interests manifestly personal - interests that are unrelated to the interests of the State.
For creditors to expect any protection in their loans to foreign states, their loans must be utilized for the needs and interests of the state, otherwise the loans belonged to the power which contracted them, and were therefore, "dettes de régime." .source: http://www.threegorgesprobe.org/probeint/OdiousDebts/doctrine.htm
Stands to reason: THE FEDERAL RESERVE CORPORATIONS and PARTICIPATING CORPORATIONS are responsible for this CRIMINAL ACTIVITY involving ODIOUS DEBT of the United States of America.
We, the People stand "HOLD HARMLESS" from this CRIMINAL ACTIVITY.. We had nothing to do with this.
A. HOWEVER; WE the People do have the CAPACITY for REMEDY.
1. THE RANSOM of $6.5 Trillion Dollars Gold Collateral "Debt Swap-Debt Conversion was paid. The payment was embezzled.
The U.S. and American Continental Debt was paid to the Rothschilds Federal Reserve Banking.
2. There is ONE TRILLION DOLLARS GOLD COLLATERAL available for Restoration of INFRA-STRUCTURES of the Sovereign Civil Governments of the States of the Union.
3. This is the "collateral" is what was believed and alleged to be the 'source' for the MONEY LAUNDERING and FINANCIAL TERRORISM involved in this "Revised Report".. which involves all of you..
4. No one, not even Russell Herman had the Authority to use "Durham Holding Trust, Tias 12087's Collateral".. The "Holding Trust" was recorded of Record 1997.. Russell was murdered August 29, 1994.
a. His signature forged August 10, 1998,
b. His signature notarized August 10, 1998..
Still those nations were suckered into this Global Banking, Financing and Economics Crisis which has effected them all.. with devastating effects.
B. ONE TRILLION DOLLARS has been set aside for RESTORATION of those items which were illegally sold off and privatized in Executive Order 12803 (b) being:
snip:
(b) “infrastructure asset” means any asset financed in whole or in part by the Federal Government and needed for the functioning of the economy. Examples of such assets include, but are not limited to: roads, tunnels, bridges, electricity
Try it on the IRS agents when they show up asking why you aren't paying taxes
Why did someone turn this answer in as a violation?
Someone asked this: Why are there so many very poor people in Mexico.
I answered this way. Why was it considered a violation?
From "A history of Latinos in America" by Juan Gonzalez. Mexico and other parts of Latin America suffer from the most uneven distribution of wealth in its history. Before the 1980s, Latin Americans generally protected their domestic industries through heavy government ownership, high tariffs, and import substitution. Mexico pursued that policy from 1940 to 1980. It averaged annual growth rates of more than 6 percent, with manufacturing output and real wages for workers growing consistently. Then came the debt crisis. Mexico was gradually pressured by U.S.-controlled international financial institutions to adopt neoliberal free trade policies. This included selling public assets and increasing exports to pay its debt. The government sold off most of its state owned companies and privatized the banks. Instead of bringing prosperity, privatization deepened the chasm between the rich and the poor. New Mexican billionaires emerged, real wages plummeted and 200,000 Mexicans lost their jobs. The term free trade seems positive at first glance. Won't increased trade with the U.S. bring increased prosperity to Mexico? History shows that most major industrialized nations did not practice free trade during their early periods of economic growth, including the U.S. They used high tariffs to protect their domestic industries from foreign competition, as Mexico was doing before the free trade agreement. Only when countries such as England and the U.S. gained advantage over all other countries did they begin advocating free trade. Despite this historical record, neoliberal economists in the advanced industrial nations continue to praise the fall of tariffs and the growth of free trade in places such as Mexico. In reality, 2/3 of all the trade in the world is between multinational corporations, and one-third of it represents multinational trading with their own foreign subsidiaries. As a result, the largest private traders and employers in Mexico today are not Mexican firms but U.S. corporations. If free trade leads to greater prosperity, why has economic inequality soared and poverty deepened in virtually every Third World country that adopted neoliberal free trade policies?
Source(s):
Harvest of Empire by Juan Gonzalez
this is nearly the exact theme of my senior thesis last year and everything you said is true. probably some neoliberal, uneducated, schmuck who shops at Walmart and works for Exxon-Mobil turned you in.
What to konw about Ethanol Industry ? and the result of this political idea? another state plan ?
Ethanol fuel is ethanol (ethyl alcohol), the same type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages. It can be used as a fuel, mainly as a biofuel alternative to gasoline, and is widely used in cars in Brazil. Because it is cheap, easy to manufacture and process, and can be made from very common materials, such as corn, it is steadily becoming a highly respected and researched alternative to gasoline throughout much of the world.
Anhydrous ethanol, that is, ethanol with at most 1% water, the same alcohol as found in alcoholic beverages, can be blended with gasoline in varying quantities up to pure ethanol (E100), and most spark-ignited gasoline style engines will operate well with mixtures of 10% ethanol (E10).[1] Most cars on the road today in the U.S. can run on blends of up to 10% ethanol,[2] and the use of 10% ethanol gasoline is mandated in some cities where harmful levels of auto emissions are possible.[3]
Ethanol can be mass-produced by fermentation of sugar or by hydration of ethylene from petroleum and other sources. Current interest in ethanol mainly lies in bio-ethanol, produced from the starch or sugar in a wide variety of crops, but there has been considerable debate about how useful bio-ethanol will be in replacing fossil fuels in vehicles. Concerns relate to the large amount of arable land required for crops,[4] as well as the energy and pollution balance of the whole cycle of ethanol production.[5][6] Recent developments with cellulosic ethanol production and commercialization may allay some of these concerns.[7]
According to the International Energy Agency, cellulosic ethanol could allow ethanol fuels to play a much bigger role in the future than previously thought.[8] Cellulosic ethanol can be made from plant matter composed primarily of inedible cellulose fibers that form the stems and branches of most plants. Dedicated energy crops, such as switchgrass, are also promising cellulose sources that can be produced in many regions of the United States.[9]
In the U.S., there is potential to expand the market for ethanol fuels beyond the farm states where they have been most popular to date. Flex-fuel vehicles are assisting in this transition because they allow drivers to choose different fuels based on price and availability. The Energy Policy Act of 2005, which calls for 7.5 billion US gallons of biofuels to be used annually by 2012, should also help to expand the U.S. marketThe top five ethanol producers in 2005 were Brazil (4.35 billion US gallons per year), the United States (4.3 billion US gallons per year), China (530 MMgy), the European Union (250 MMgy) and India (80 MMgy). Brazil and the United States accounted for 90 percent of all ethanol production. Also, it should be noted that the United States, now producing at a rate of about 4.6 billion US gallons per year, is widely considered the world’s largest ethanol producer. Strong incentives, coupled with other industry development initiatives, are giving rise to fledgling ethanol industries in countries such as Thailand, the Philippines, Columbia, the Dominican Republic and Malawi. Nevertheless, ethanol hasn't yet made much of a dent in world oil consumption.[32]
[edit] Brazil
Main article: Ethanol fuel in Brazil
Gasoline on the left, alcohol on the right at a filling station in BrazilBrazil has one of the largest bio-fuel programs in the world, involving production of ethanol fuel from sugar cane, and ethanol now provides 18 percent of the country's automotive fuel. As a result of this, together with the exploitation of domestic deep water oil sources, Brazil, which years ago had to import a large share of the petroleum needed for domestic consumption, recently reached complete self-sufficiency in oil.[33][34][35]
Brazil produced around 16.4 billion liters of ethanol in 2004 and used 2.7 million hectares of land area for this production (4.5% of the Brazilian land area used for crop production in 2005[36]). Of this, around 12.4 billion liters were produced as fuel for ethanol-powered vehicles in the domestic market. In Brazil, ethanol-powered and flexible-fuel vehicles are manufactured for operation with hydrated ethanol, an azeotrope of ethanol (around 93% v/v) and water (7%).
Production and use of ethanol has been stimulated through: (1) low-interest loans for the construction of ethanol distilleries; (2) guaranteed purchase of ethanol by the state-owned oil company at a reasonable price; (3) retail pricing of neat ethanol so it is competitive if not slightly favorable to the gasoline-ethanol blend; and (4) tax incentives provided during the 1980s to stimulate the purchase of neat ethanol vehicles.[37]
Guaranteed purchase and price regulation were ended some years ago, with relatively positive results. In addition to these other policies, ethanol producers in the state of Sao Paulo established a research and technology transfer center that has been effective in improving sugar cane and ethanol yields.[38]
[edit] United States
A Ford Taurus "fueled by clean burning ethanol" owned by New York City.Main article: Ethanol fuel in the United States
Most cars on the road today in the U.S. can run on blends of up to 10% ethanol, and motor vehicle manufacturers already produce vehicles designed to run on much higher ethanol blends. Ford, DaimlerChrysler, and GM are among the automobile companies that sell “flexible-fuel” cars, trucks, and minivans that can use gasoline and ethanol blends ranging from pure gasoline up to 85% ethanol (E85). By mid-2006, there were approximately six million E85-compatible vehicles on U.S. roads.[39]
There is potential to expand the market for ethanol fuels beyond the farm states where they have been most popular to date. Flex-fuel vehicles are assisting in this transition because they allow drivers to choose different fuels based on price and availability. The Energy Policy Act of 2005, which calls for 7.5 billion US gallons of biofuels to be used annually by 2012, should also help to expand the U.S. market.[40]
It should also be noted that the growing ethanol and biodiesel industries are providing jobs in plant construction, operations, and maintenance, mostly in rural communities. According to the Renewable Fuels Association, the ethanol industry created almost 154,000 U.S. jobs in 2005 alone, boosting household income by $5.7 billion. It also contributed about $3.5 billion in tax revenues at the local, state, and federal levels.[41]
[edit] Sweden
Main article: Ethanol fuel in Sweden
All Swedish gas stations are required by an act of parliament to offer at least one alternative fuel, and every fifth car in Stockholm now drives at least partially on alternative fuels, mostly ethanol.[42]
Stockholm will introduce a fleet of Swedish-made electric hybrid buses in its public transport system on a trial basis in 2008. These buses will use ethanol-powered internal-combustion engines and electric motors. The vehicles’ diesel engines will use ethanol.[43]
[edit] Australia
Main article: Ethanol fuel in Australia
Legislation imposes a 10% cap on the concentration of fuel ethanol blends. Blends of 90% unleaded petrol and 10% fuel ethanol are commonly referred to as E10. E10 is available through service stations operating under the BP, Caltex, Shell and United brands as well as those of a number of smaller independents. Not surprisingly, E10 is most widely available closer to the sources of production in Queensland and New South Wales. E10 is most commonly blended with 91 RON "regular unleaded" fuel. There is a requirement that retailers label blends containing fuel ethanol on the dispenser.
[edit] China
China is promoting ethanol-based fuel on a pilot basis in five cities in its central and northeastern region, a move designed to create a new market for its surplus grain and reduce consumption of petroleum. The cities include Zhengzhou, Luoyang and Nanyang in central China's Henan province, and Harbin and Zhaodong in Heilongjiang province, northeast China. Under the program, Henan will promote ethanol-based fuel across the province by the end of this year. Officials say the move is of great importance in helping to stabilize grain prices, raise farmers' income and reducing petrol- induced air pollution.[44]
[edit] Environment
[edit] Energy balance
Main article: Ethanol fuel energy balance
All biomass needs to go through some of these steps: it needs to be grown, collected, dried, fermented and burned. All of these steps require resources and an infrastructure.
Opponents of corn ethanol production in the U.S. often quote the 2005 paper [45] of David Pimentel, a retired Entomologist, and Tadeusz Patzek, a Geological Engineer from Berkeley. Both have been exceptionally critical of ethanol and other biofuels. Their studies contend that ethanol, and biofuels in general, are "energy negative", meaning they take more energy to produce than is contained in the final product.
A 2006 report by the U.S. Department Agriculture compared the methodologies used by a number of researchers on this subject and found that the majority of research showed that the energy balance for ethanol is positive. In fact, a large number of recent studies, including a 2006 article[46] in the prestigious journal Science offer the consensus opinion that fuels like ethanol are energy positive. Furthermore, it should be pointed out that fossil fuels also require significant energy inputs which have seldom been accounted for in the past.
It is also important to note that ethanol is not the only product created during production, and the energy content of the by-products must also be considered. Corn is typically 66% starch and the remaining 33% is not fermented. This unfermented component is called distillers grain, which is high in fats and proteins, and makes good animal feed. [47]
In Brazil where sugar cane is used, the yield is higher, and conversion to ethanol is somewhat more energy efficient than corn.[14] Recent developments with cellulosic ethanol production may improve yields even further.[48]
[edit] Air pollution
Compared with conventional unleaded gasoline, ethanol is a particulate-free burning fuel source that combusts cleanly with oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water. The Clean Air Act requires the addition of oxygenates to reduce carbon monoxide emissions in the United States. The additive MTBE is currently being phased out due to ground water contamination, hence ethanol becomes an attractive alternative additive.
Use of ethanol, produced from current (2006) methods, emits a similar net amount of carbon dioxide but less carbon monoxide than gasoline.[49] If all bioethanol-production energy came from non-fossil sources the use of bioethanol as a fuel would add no greenhouse gas.[50]
[edit] Manufacture
In 2002 , monitoring of ethanol plants revealed that they released VOCs (volatile organic compounds) at a higher rate than had previously been disclosed.[51] The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) subsequently reached settlement with Archer Daniels Midland and Cargill, two of the largest producers of ethanol, to reduce emission of these VOCs. VOCs are produced when fermented corn mash is dried for sale as a supplement for livestock feed. Devices known as thermal oxidizers or catalytic oxidizers can be attached to the plants to burn off the hazardous gases. Smog causing pollutants are also increased by using ethanol fuel in comparison to gasoline.
[edit] Greenhouse gas abatement
Corn ethanol has received much support on environmental grounds primarily because of its role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. However, the evidence for this claim is mixed.
A recent ten-year forecast of ethanol production by the USDA places 2017 corn ethanol production at 12 billion US gallons and growing at only 2% per year. This estimate, together with a parameter publishing in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), indicates that this near-maximum level of ethanol production will abate GHG emissions by 0.13% (~1/10 of 1%) of current US GHG emissions. However, this does not hold for all greenhouse gases. Another study has suggested that replacement of 100% petroleum fuel with E85 (a fuel mixture comprised of 85% ethanol and 15% petroleum) would significantly increase ozone levels, thereby increasing photochemical smog and aggravating medical problems such as asthma.[19][20]
This value reflects increases in corn area and the use of 30% of the corn crop for ethanol. It also apparently takes into account anticipated improvements in corn yields and ethanol production. The PNAS value is a 12% reduction in greenhouse gas emission relative to the "net emissions of production and combustion of an energetically equivalent amount of gasoline."
The January 2006 Science article from UC Berkeley's ERG, estimated this parameter to be 13% after reviewing a large number of studies. However, in a correction to that article releases shortly after publication, they reduce the estimated value to 7.4%. None of the other values needed to complete the calculation are controversial.
GREET model maintained by Argonne National Labs in Chicago has produced a series of publications on GHG abatement through ethanol. The latest of the studies is [21]
[edit] Land use
Large-scale 'energy farming', necessary to produce agricultural alcohol, requires substantial amounts of cultivated land. Some have claimed that land is acquired through deforestation, while others have observed that areas currently supporting forests are usually not suitable for growing any sort of crops.[52][53] Related concerns have been raised regarding a decline in soil fertility due to reduction of organic matter[54], a decrease in water availability and quality, an increase in the use of pesticides and fertilizers, and potential dislocation of local communities.[55]
As demand for ethanol fuel increases, food crops are replaced by fuel crops, driving food supply down and food prices up. Growing demand for ethanol in the United States has increased corn prices by 50% in Mexico.[56] Average barley prices in the United States rose 17% from January to June 2007 to the highest in 11 years. Prices for all grain crops trend upward, reflecting a progressive increase in farm land devoted to corn for the production of produce ethanol fuel.[57] Prices for U.S. corn-based products, including animal feed, also rise. This translates to higher prices for animal products like chicken, beef, and cheese. June 2007 cheese prices rose to $2 per pound on average, increasing 65% over the same period in 2006. As milk prices in the United States, approached $4.00 per US gallon, [58] many American restaurant franchises announced price increases for their products to compensate for rising food costs.[59] [60] [61]
Alternatively, cellulosic ethanol can be produced from any plant material, potentially doubling yields, in an effort to minimize conflict between food needs versus fuel needs.[62] Instead of utilizing only the starch bi-products from grinding wheat and other crops, cellulosic ethanol production maximizes the use of all plant materials, including gluten. This approach would have a smaller carbon footprint because the amount of energy-intensive fertilisers and fungicides remain the same for higher output of usable material.[63] While the enzyme technology[64] for producing cellulosic ethanol is currently in developmental stages, it is not expected to be available for large-scale production in the near future.[65] Moreover, the production of ethanol for fuel raises a number of land scarcity issues, regardless of what production method is employed. Many analysts suggest that biofuel strategies must be accompanied by fuel conservation restrictions. [66]
[edit] Renewable resource
Ethanol is considered "renewable" because it is primarily the result of conversion of the sun's energy into usable energy. Creation of ethanol starts with photosynthesis causing the feedstocks such as switchgrass, sugar cane, or corn to grow. These feedstocks are processed into ethanol (see production).
The environmental and economic benefits of non-cellulosic ethanol - including corn ethanol - have been heavily critiqued by many, including Brad Ewing of Environmental Economics & Sustainable Development[67] and Lester R. Brown of Earth Policy Institute.[68] The main criticism dwells on the increasing costs of corn for food as the demand for ethanol production increases. It remains to be seen [vague] if ethanol production can overcome these problems.
Current, first generation processes for the production of ethanol from corn use only a small part of the corn plant: the corn kernels are taken from the corn plant and only the starch, which represents about 50% of the dry kernel mass, is transformed into ethanol. Two types of second generation processes are under development. The first type uses enzymes to convert the plant cellulose into ethanol while the second type uses pyrolysis to convert the whole plant to either a liquid bio-oil or a syngas. Second generation processes can also be used with plants such as grasses, wood or agricultural waste material such as straw.
[edit] Replacement of petroleum
Only about 5% of the fossil energy required to produce ethanol from corn in the United States is obtained from non-US petroleum.[69] Current (2006) United States production methods obtain the rest of the fossil energy from domestic coal and natural gas. Even if the energy balance were negative, US production involves mostly domestic fuels such as natural gas and coal so the need for non-US petroleum would be reduced. Developed regions like the United States and Europe, and increasingly the developing nations of Asia, mainly India and China, consume much more petroleum and natural gas than they extract from their territory, becoming dependent upon foreign suppliers as a resultThe science of Economics is generally defined as the study of scarcity management. Absent scarcity and alternative uses of available resources, there is no economic problem. As such, the subject of economics involves the study of choices as they are affected by incentives and resources.[70] Since land and agriculture have historically served the world as utilities for food production, many believe the alternative use of agricultural resources for ethanol fuel production imposes an artificial scarcity of food on a global scale.[71] [72] [73] [74]
Meanwhile, the United States Department of Energy, finds that for every unit of energy put towards ethanol production, 1.3 units are returned.[75] Another study found that corn-grain ethanol produced 1.25 units of energy per unit put in.[76] As yields improve or different feedstocks are introduced, ethanol production may become more economically feasible in the US. Currently, research on improving ethanol yields from each unit of corn is underway using biotechnology. By utilizing hybrids designed specifically with higher extractable starch levels, the energy balance is dramatically improved. Also, as long as oil prices remain high, the economical use of other feedstocks, such as cellulose, become viable. By-products such as straw or wood chips can be converted to ethanol. Fast growing species like switchgrass can be grown on land not suitable for other cash crops and yield high levels of ethanol per unit areaCritics argue that ethanol is a fancy way of using solar power. The processing and production, as well as burning of ethanol would not significantly improve carbon emissions over the current use of gasoline. Instead, critics propose the widespread adoption of battery electric vehicles (zero emissions vehicles) combined with increased use of nuclear power and solar power.
[edit] Problems
Fuels with more than 10% ethanol are not compatible with some fuel system components.[81][82]
Examples of extreme corrosion of ferrous components,[82] and internal separation of portions of rubber fuel tanks have been observed in some vehicles using ethanol fuels.[citation needed]
Formation of salt deposits, jelly-like deposits on fuel strainer screens
Can negatively affect electric fuel pumps by increasing internal wear[82] and undesirable spark generation. [83]
Is not compatible with capacitance fuel level gauging indicators and may cause erroneous fuel quantity indications in vehicles that employ that system.[84]
Not always compatible with marine craft, especially those that use fiberglass tanks.[85][86]
Decreases fuel-economy by 15-30%; this can be avoided using certain modifications that would, however, render the engine inoperable on regular petrol without the addition of an adjustable ECU, or use of multiple ECUs to run the engine on multiple fuel types. [87][20]
Support for biofuels could keep petroleum prices high in the USA (NY Times - [27])
Tough materials are required to overcome ethanol's corrosive nature, and the high compression ratio needed to make an ethanol engine as efficient as it would be on petrol; these would be similar to those used in diesel engines (which typically run at a CR of 20:1[88], versus about 8-12:1 for petrol engines [89].) Diesel engines cost significantly more than similar-sized ordinary petrol engines as a result of the more advanced materials used in their construction.
Whether the energy balance of ethanol - that is, whether the fuel contains more energy than was used to produce it - is positive or negative is debatable [90][91], as is whether or not the land used to grow the crop was obtained by, say, chopping down a rainforest, in which case the ethanol produced is just as unenvironmentally-friendly as fossil fuel due to the carbon released by the dead plants. [92]
Isn't the Federal Reserve's economic assault a coup d'état that suspends our constitution?
Has America been reduced to a third world status, as Americans become slaves to trillions of dollars of Wall Street debt? World history is spotted with stories of political conquests: Attila the Hun, Genghis Khan, the Pharaohs, Alexander the Great, and Roman Caesars, each who seized physical control of a country, its economy and assets. History holds no story of a take over based solely on a country's assets, until now. The modern day Attila's, Genghis Khan's, Pharaoh's, and Caesar's are the men who own and control the Central Banks of the world. America's Central Bank is the Federal Reserve, which controls our monetary system, is not part of our governmental system, and, although its name would imply, it has no reserves.
The 13th month of America's credit crisis may hold its own in history as a country whose economic power and bulk of wealth overnight become the assets of the Federal Reserve. This may well be the finest coup d'état.
end of Illuminati?
1. financially broke, so much debt
2. much sought after third world war through fight against Muslims failed
3. Asia bounced back from 1998 Illuminati-induced currency crisis, people alerted to the destructive plans of the Illuminati
4. people are waking up to the fact that world wars were orchestrated and engineered by Illuminati, deprogramming is taking place
The Illumimanati is alive and well.
They have already chosen Hillary Clinton as the next president.
They love to feign defeat when they have the upper hand. That's when they are the strongest.
They have enough wealth to prop up economies or withdrawl and dropout the bottom.
You are contributing to the "deprogramming" by thinking they are defunct.
We have to remain vigilant or they will bring about our destruction.
Your thoughts please?
By Frosty Wooldridge
January 10, 2005
NewsWithViews.com
How would you like your child in kindergarten through 12th grade attending classes with kids who can’t read, write, speak or understand English--or American education values? Furthermore, how would you feel if those students felt zero investment in education, in English and the American way? How would you like your child’s education dumbed down to that of a classroom from the Third World? Guess what? Today, if you’re a parent of a child in thousands of classrooms across America, that’s what’s happening to your children with your tax dollars.
Unfortunately, more problems exist in America’s classrooms than an invasion of illegal alien children. As a former classroom teacher, I compassionately say: first, it’s not their fault. Second, they can’t help their parents breaking into our country. Third, their problems multiple our problems into educational failure for our children. Fourth, illegal alien parents pay little into the tax infrastructure to fund that education.
The Center for Immigration Studies in Washington, DC, estimates a minimum of 1.1 million illegal alien children attend American schools. The great majority of them cannot and do not speak English. English as a Second Language classes costs taxpayers billions of dollars. The cost of educating California’s three million illegal aliens with their children exceeds $2.2 billion annually. It may be noted that over 100 languages must be dealt with in that state. (Source: California Department of Education) California supports the most illegals and suffers the greatest state debt at $38 billion.
Move over to Colorado with 200,000 illegal aliens and they suffer a $140.6 million annual cost for educating illegal alien children. (Source: Colorado Department of Education) Take a swing over to Georgia where it costs their citizens $230 million annually for educating their illegal alien student population.
As a former classroom teacher, there is another problem seldom appreciated by parents and politicians. You can’t teach ‘up’ to the standards of American education with a small number of illegal children who can’t speak English. You must teach ‘down’ or ‘dumb down’ the classroom experience for all your students. No matter how well meaning we are trying to educate foreign students who can’t or won’t speak English, they pour into classrooms faster than it is possible to absorb them into our national language. Their parents can’t help them because their parents are functionally illiterate or cannot speak English in most cases. It’s why you see test scores dropping across the land. Many kids are ‘promoted’ out of high school without the ability to read, write or think at the most elementary levels.
The crisis has reached epidemic proportions in California, so much so, well over half the 16 year olds (Source: LA Times newspaper) cannot understand a city bus schedule or pass a driver’s license test. Why? They can’t read. In Colorado, three years ago, 51 percent of the potential high school graduating class of the Denver Public Schools flunked out or dropped out. Not only that, the classroom experience for all students degrades down to negative educational disasters. That’s why, according to the Rocky Mountain News, December 2004, one in five teachers quits or transfers out of the inner city.
The reason is, as a former teacher myself, when you try teaching in such a chaotic and undisciplined classroom, it’s depressing and futile beyond comprehension. I taught two years in the ‘inner city’ and fled for my own emotional health. The teachers that stay, simply ‘numb’ their way through the day.
In Austin, Minnesota, they feature a day care center for unwed mothers attending high school. The flunkout rates, drug problems and overall classroom experiences have deteriorated to Third World levels. Why? The meatpacking plants imported over 2,000 illegal aliens and their children now dominate the Austin classrooms into an educational nightmare.
Another crisis prevents a solid education for American children and terrifies parents across the country. Since 15 million illegal aliens now operate in the United States, (Source: Time Magazine, September 2004), they have crossed our borders without a health screening. Their children crossed with them. In the past five years, over 16,000 new cases of tuberculosis have crossed over from Mexico. It’s called multi-drug resistant myco-bacterium TB and it kills two million people worldwide annually. Last fall a year ago, 30 kids tested positive along with four teachers in a small town north of Detroit, Michigan. But if you watch the newspapers, you’ll see new cases of TB popping up like toast all across the country. It’s a ticking time bomb because illegal alien children may carry the disease and infect your kids.
Another disease carried into our schools is hepatitis ‘A’ and over 100,000 cases have migrated into our country from illegal aliens. The problem is—illegal aliens from Third World countries do not practice the same hygiene and personal sanitation habits we have fostered in our First World country. They often won’t visit health authorities because they don’t want to get caught. If your child sits in a classroom with illegal aliens, your child is at risk and so are you.
Worse, in the past five years, 7,000 new cases of leprosy (Source: Hansen’s Disease, Lerner, NY Times 2/28/03) have migrated into the USA from illegal aliens from India, Brazil and the Caribbean. It’s now endemic to the East Coast for the first time in the history of the United States. If your child interacts with an illegal alien child carrying leprosy, your child may come home with a new case of this ancient disease.
However, the worst aspect of this national educational crisis stems from the fact that millions of these illegals are not absorbing into the American way of life. They have no intention of speaking English or learning our ways. Do we want a divided country, a violent and uneducated underclass, a loss of a cohesive language and our own children dumbed down?
What does that yield? It gives us a frightening harvest of illiterate, uneducated, antagonistic and non-invested young people exploding into our society with no academic skills. That’s WHY the Third World suffers what it suffers: lack of an educated citizenry. Further, it also fosters separation from those who speak English and pursue educational goals versus millions who have babies out of wedlock, no working skills, non-English speaking and an uncanny ability to ride welfare rolls with unprecedented talent.
Finally, this Republic is a delicate form of governance. Yes, democracy is terribly delicate and one glimpse around the world will show you why. It requires four qualities to remain viable and functioning. First, it needs a highly educated population that can participate in its continuance. Second, it needs a population with a similar moral code.
Third, it demands a citizenry with a similar ethical system of conduct. Finally, it needs a nation that speaks the same language so it can discuss, debate and vote intelligently as it pulls in the same direction.
We are losing all four qualities faster than you can count to ten.
I agree with you on most of what you said, I have 2 children in the school system and I have seen the devastation that illegals have caused the city and the school system, more attention is being placed on those who don't even belong here and those who do belong are often ignored. Too much money is being spent on the wrong people and it is time for a change.I am glad that you have spoken out,hopefully some will see that the illegal situation is out of control and taking a toll on our children and our country.
